SUMMARY OF SNP (April, 2013)

Classification of SNP: Medium sized branch - L555 is one of the many sons of DF13. L557 and L561 are duplicate SNPs of L555 (but not well tested at boundary condition submissions).

Observing the rapidly declining number of testing candidates as the fingerprint match decreases (in table below) indicates that L555 is genetically isolated from non-L555 submissions. Since L555 has tested exclusively positive above 70 % matches and tested exclusively negative below 70 % matches, L555 exhibits very typical characteristics that match many other L21 SNPs. L555 has not been well tested for boundary conditions (between 50 % and 70 % matches) and has not been well tested outside of the Irwin surname.

Summary of L555 testing

Estimated Breadth of SNP: Around 90 submissions.

Scope of Testing within Fingerprint: Average.

Dominant Surnames Tested positive: Dominated by Irwin surname variants and several other surnames.

Year that SNPs were discovered: March, 2011.

Source of SNP: Erwin, FTDNA ID 65048, Y-Search ID DS67G and Erwin surname.

Number of Positive Tests: Twelve at 67 markers and four at 37 markers.

Number of Negative Broad Tests: Around 99 (mostly Nat Geo tests).

Number of Negative Tests within 70 % of Fingerprint: None - could have three test negative at high genetic distance.

Pending Tests (within 70 % of fingerprint): Possibly one or two submissions.

ISOGG Status - Prove relationship of L555 to other L21 SNPs

There are no blocking factors for the ISOGG requirement of proving the relationship of L555 to other L21 SNPs. Note that L555 has already qualified on ISOGG haplotree as a son of DF13.

ISOGG Status - Prove genetic and surname diversity of L555

L555 currently satisfies both the genetic diversity requirement and the surname diversity requirement for inclusion on the ISOGG haplotree. Two submissions of L555 must have at least a genetic diversity of 15 % (15 % x 67 markers = 10 genetic distance). Note that L555 has already qualified ISOGG requirements as a son of DF13.

Many other L21 private SNPs have tested negative for L555 proving that these SNPs are not the father of L555. Testing negative for any L21 private SNPs is not required for ISOGG qualification. This analysis is only being conducted to discover any new connections between existing R-L21 private SNPs. The following submissions have tested negative for the following SNPs via the Finch2 Server for the L555 positive WTY submission 65048: L69.4, L130, L159.3, L319.1, L564, L583 and L679. The L555 WTY submission 65048 has also individually tested negative for: L580. Not tested to date is: L526.

DNA FINGERPRINTS & SIGNATURES

L555 Fingerprint (L21 Off Modal Mutations):

Markers 1 to 37: 385b >= 15, 448 >= 20, 464b >= 16, GATA-H4 <= 10, YCA-IIb >= 24, 456 <= 15 and 570 <= 16 (7 mutations).

Markers 38 to 67: 534 >= 16 (1 mutation).

L555 Signature (R-L21 Plus): 555-2410-A.

Markers 1 to 37: 385b >= 15, GATA-H4 = 10, YCA-II = 19,24 and 570 <= 16 (5 mutations).

Markers 38 to 67: None (0 mutations).

Note: YCA-IIa = 19 not part of the L555 fingerprint and the following markers are missing: 448 >=15, 464b >= 16, 456 <=15 and 534 >= 16.

Testing Candidate Recommendations

For a detailed list of good testing candidates, see the spreadsheet of testing candidates which can be found in the L555 link in the DNA Results pull down menu. Here are the priority for testing:

1) Almost every submission that are 7 of 8 matches are higher will probably test positive. Testing these very high fignerprint matches can be useful when the surname is different from Irwin variants. Baird (150620), Wilson (61771) and Vowles (75137) are good testing candidates.

2) There are three submissions that have high genetic distance but still match 6 of 8 markers of the L555 fingerprint. Since the genetic distance is quite high for these submissions, these tests are more speculative in nature but would be the only three submissions that could possibly test negative at 6 of 8 markers or higher: Livingston (179223), Hunt (141060) and Smith (159494).

3) There are many Dunbar submissions at 5 of 8 matches that could greatly expand the scope of L555. Testing two or three of these submissions is the best option for determining the true scope of L555: 121822, 49200, 80265, N53542, 137751, 155160, 155841, 262515, 125007 and 246768.

4) There are several 5 of 8 matches with relatively low genetic distance that are highly recommended for testing the true scope of L555: Hercus (130402), Chamberlain (149367), Matheson (80296) and Lewis (168164).

5) Currently L557 and L561 are duplicate SNPs of L555. However, L557 and L557 have not been well tested with boundary condition submissions. Irwin submissions 33141, 78458 and 74798 should be tested for L557 and L561. Also, the only known L555 negative test at 5 of 8 matches should be tested for L557 and L561 as well: Brady (63879). Also, one or two submissions from section 3) and section 4) should test for L557 and L561 as well.

6) It is not recommended for any 37 marker submissions to test for SNPs as most fingerprints and signatures are based on either 67 markers or 111 markers. There are four 37 marker Irwin submissions that should be upgraded to 67 markers: 115781, 153158, 25244 and 57565.