SUMMARY OF SNP - March, 2013

Classification of SNP: Medium sized branch.

Estimated Breadth of SNP (speculative estimate of positive submissions) = 65 = 31 x 95 % (11 of 11) + 24 x 90 % (10 of 11) + 14 x 85 % (9 of 11) + 2 x 80 % (8 of 11) + 0 x 30 % (7 of 11) + 5 x 10 % (6 of 11).

Speculative submissions (50 to 70 %): Only five submissions found (probably will test negative) but could expand the scope of L371.

Scope of Testing within Fingerprint: Above average - many untested Pugh submissions may not be necessary to test since most submissions that are close matches to the L371 fingerprint and are Pugh submissions with 413b <= 13. Testing has tested almost 25 % of fingerprint matches above 70 % match of the L371 fingerprint.

There are two key markers found in L371: 385a >= 12 and 413b <= 22. For both Y-STRs, there are a significant number of marker values that have L21 MRCA marker values. There are two possible scenarios: 1) the mutations are post L371 creation and create early branches within L371; 2) the L21 MRCA values are backwards mutations to the original L21 MRCA values and represent smaller more recent mutation that creates recent branches within L371. Without any doubt, 413b <= 22 is a mutation that tracks the Pugh surname (all 30 Pugh submissions have 413b <= 22). Only three 413b <= 22 submissions are non-Pugh surnames which are probably NPE lines of the Pugh surname. The remaining 31 submissions that are 413 >= 23 are all non-Pugh surnames.

It is believed that 385a >= 12 is probably post L371 creation since half of the non-Pugh surnames belong to each group and the Pugh 413b <= 22 appears to be a later branch off of 385a >= 12. Additionally, all lower fingerprint matches with higher genetic distance are usually 385a <= 11 which implies an older branch. So the order mutations appear to be the mutation of 385 >= 12 which is earliest branch that is post L371 creation and then later the mutation of 413b <= 22 which is also probably post L371 creation. Even though 385a >= 12 and 413b <= 22 are probably post L371 creation, both Y-STR mutations will remain as part of the L371 fingerprint for Y-SNP prediction accuracy which is based on majority rules methodology.

Dominant Surnames (positive): Davis (1), Dicks (1), Evans (1), Gough (1), Griffith (2), Lewis (1), McKee (2), Pugh (2), Thomas, (1), Turner (1) and, West (1).

Year that SNPs were discovered: 2010 (estimate).

Source of SNP: FTDNA - probably unknown WTY that is private.

Number of Positive Tests (67 markers): 17 found.

Number of Broad Negative Tests (less than 50 % matches): Around 143 (more than half are from WTY tests and Nat Geo tests).

Number of Negative Tests within Fingerprint (higher than 70 %): None.

Pending Tests (within Fingerprint): None known.

TRENDS OF TESTING CANDIDATES

Note that the number of known testing candidates appears to be fairly typical for L21 SNPs where the number of testing candidates declines rapidly down to 70 % matches, then reamins at or near zero candidates for some time and then sees a sharp rise as non-L371 submissions dominate under 50 % matches. This trend suggests extremely minimal overlap of L371 submissions with non-L371 submissions at higher fingerprint matches. L371 tests positive down to 70 % matches, followed by lack of testing candidates at lower fingerprint matches and only tests negative below 50 % matches. However, the transitional fingerprint matches have not been well tested to date due to only five testing candidates at low fingerprint matches (50 % to 70 % matches). Due to the isolaton of L371 testing candidates from non-371 submissions, it is probably not necessary to test for L21 for any L371 fingerprint match over 70 %.

ISOGG Status - Prove relationship of L371 to other L21 SNPs

All requirements of proving L371 position on the haplotree have been met. Note: L371 has already qualified for the ISOGG haplotree.

ISOGG Status - Prove genetic and surname diversity of L371

L371 satisfies the genetic diversity requirement and the surname diversity requirement for inclusion on the ISOGG haplotree. Two submissions of L371 must have at least a genetic distance of 10 (15 % x 67 markers = 10). Note: L371 has already qualified for the ISOGG haplotree.

Not required for ISOGG qualification, the following smaller breadth SNPs are known to not be a sons of L371 by testing L371 negative: L302 / L69.4 (39420), L319.1 (33932), L563 (35212), L564 (9875), L580 (173880), L583 (193834), L643 (N1851), L679 (170191) and L743 (613127).

DNA FINGERPRINT & SIGNATURES

L371 Fingerprint (L21 Off Modal Mutations):

Markers 1 to 37: 385a >= 12, 448 <= 17, 456 <= 14 and 576 <= 17 (4 mutations).

Markers 38 to 67: 395S1a >= 16, 413a <= 22, 413b <= 22; 534 >= 16, 450 >= 10, 481 >= 23 and 617 >= 13 (7 mutations).

L371 Signature (R-L21 Plus): 371-W1

Markers 1 to 37: 448 = 17, 449 = 30 and 456=14 (3 mutations).

Markers 38 to 67: 450 = 10, 413a = 22 and 617 = 13 (3 mutations).