SUMMARY OF SNP

Classification of SNP: Large Branch - very broad.

Estimated Breadth of SNP: 150 to 200 submissions.

Scope of Testing within Fingerprint: (March, 2012) - Above average. The L159.2 SNP has tested positive for around 90 submissions. There are two L159+ submissions that are very genetically different from most L159.2 positive submissions. There are only two possible scenarios: 1) these submissions could be parallel mutations of L159 (L159.3 and L159.4); 2) there are multiple fingerprints required to describe the L159.2 SNP since this SNP may be older and broader than other single fingerprint SNPs. Since neither of these two "outlier" submissions match the L159.2 fingerprint, these are probably paralell mutations of the same SNP (L159 may be a more volatile SNP than originally anticipated).

For the two outlier L159 positive submissions, unique fingerprints have be added for these "outlier" submissions. The Donahue submission (P4QTH) has been labeled L159.2-D. The Castle / Daniels submission (Q9CE2) has been labeled L159.2-C. Both of these "outlier" submissions need to be tested for L159.2 to verify that these submissions are not related to the L159.2 submissions and are indeed parallel mutations of L159.

Dominant Surnames (L159.2 positive): Beattie (5), Wilson (3), Burns/Byrne (2), Bradley (2), Kavanaugh (2) and 86 other surnames. Within DNA fingerprint (possible positives): Burns/Byrne (22), Beattie (13), Berry (4), Kavanaugh (2), Brown (2), Murphy (2), Thompson (2) and 100 other surnames.

Year that SNPs were discovered: 2009 (estimate).

Source of SNP: FTDNA WTY - Beattie (3032 & T78VB) and Carmack (14738 & PAMN9). Not sure which was tested first.

Number of Positive Tests (March, 2012): 90 known.

Number of Negative Broad Tests (December, 2011): Over 445 (found in L21 Project). There are many broad negative tests since L159.2 has been part of the FTDNA "deep clade" for several years.

Number of Negative Tests within Fingerprint (70 %): None found that are over 70% match of the L159.2 fingerprint. There are several negative tests of L159.2 between 50 and 70 % of the L159.2 fingerprint.

Possible Candidates (over 70 % match): Over 250 submissions that exceed a 70 % match of the L159.2 fingerprint were found. There are also several positive submissions that match between 50 and 70 % of the L159.2 fingerprint. Testing candidates between 50 and 70 % of DNA fingerprint should result in many positive and negative results and would test the boundary of the L159.2 SNP.

Pending Tests (within Fingerprint): Probably several with deep clade testing.

DNA FINGERPRINTS

L21 off modal mutations (L159.2):

Markers 1 to 37: 389-1 >= 14, 448 <= 18, 570 >= 18 and 442 <= 11 (4 mutations).

Markers 38 to 67: 557 >= 17 and 446 >= 14 (2 mutations).

L21 off modal mutations (159.2-C):

Markers 1 to 37: 391 <= 10, 439 >= 13, 447 >= 26, 449 <= 29, 464a <= 14, 464c <= 6, 460 >= 12, 456 <= 15, 576 >= 19, 570 <= 15 and 442 <= 11 (11 mutations).

Markers 38 to 67: 406S1 <= 9, 557 <= 15, 450 >= 15 and 446 >= 15 (4 mutations).

L21 off modal mutations (159.2-D):

Markers 1 to 37: 439 <= 11, 389-2 >= 30, 449 <= 29, 464d >= 18, 456 <= 15, 570 <= 16 and 438 >= 13 (7 mutations).

Markers 38 to 67: 511 <= 9, 413b >= 24, 534 <= 13, 481 <= 21, 520 >= 21 and 57 <= 10 (6 mutations).

Note: Unlike most fingerprints, the L159.2 SNP is much more genetically diverse and several markers have unusually higher percentages of L21 off modal values: 449 (46%), 576 (38%), 444 (32 %), 464c (31%) and 439 (25%). These mutations may represent major branches within the L159.2 Y-SNP but probably represents multiple branches from the L21 MRCA. Burns/Byrne (22 submissions) and Beattie (13 submissions) surname clusters are fairly large as well. More analysis of of these surname clusters and possible Y-STR based branches could reveal more branches within this fairly broad Y-SNP. Future analysis of the L159.2 SNP will attempt expand the single L159.2 fingerprint into multiple fingerprint in order to: 1) increase the accuracy of SNP prediction; 2) reduce the number of negative tests intermixed with positive tests; 3) reduce the number of positive submissions below 70 % to align with most other R-L21 SNPs.

Most Distant Positive Test Known (67 markers)
(from MRCA of positive submissions - not WTY):

L513.2 fingerprint match (only 4 out of 6) and GD = 13.

Closest Negative Test Known (67 markers)
(from MRCA of positive submissions - not WTY):

L513.2 fingerprint match (6 out of 6) and GD = 8.

DNA Signature (L21 Plus) - L159.2 only: 254-1830-IS.

Markers 1 to 37: 389-i >= 14, 448 <= 18, 449 >= 30 (?) and 442 = 11 (4 mutations).

Markers 38 to 67: None (no mutations).

Note: There are many candidates that would probably test positive for L159.2. However, all submissions that match above 70 % have tested positive and many submissions between 50 and 70 % have tested positive and negative. Testing candidates above 70 % DNA fingerprint matches would have a very high probably of testing positive and are not recommended for testing. Funds would be better pooled together for additional WTY testing to discover new Y-SNPs under L159.2. However, testing between 50 and 70 % match would be beneficial for determining the breadth of L159.2 (although many these tests would produce negative results). The "outlier" L159.2 submissions will be treated as parallel L159 mutations until proven otherwise. These fingerprints should be considered the equivalent of different SNPs from L159.2.